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The European Union’s Green Deal aims to ensure that the EU is carbon neutral by 2050. It contains an ambitious mix of policies. One such policy is the Carbon Border Adjustment (CBAM), which will impose a levy on certain carbon-intensive imports into the bloc. The measure has attracted a lot of attention and generated a considerable amount of discussion both within the EU and internationally. This is to be expected. The introduction of a new tax on trade, especially of a kind not seen before, will have impacts that are both wide-ranging, and ones that are not always obvious at first sight. Recent modelling undertaken by Frontier helps us to step through some of these issues.

Ofgem is consulting on reforms designed to stop speculative data-centre projects clogging up the electricity connections queue. The problem is real. A firm grid connection is increasingly valuable, and scarce network capacity should not be tied up for years by projects with little prospect of being built.

The economics of airports suggests that cost-based pricing may be neither the most profitable nor the most socially desirable method.

As part of the government’s Review of Electricity Market Arrangements (REMA), DESNZ is considering a suite of potential reforms, including a change from self-dispatch to central dispatch.

Frontier in collaboration with the Centre for Inclusive Trade Policy (CITP) and the UK Trade Policy Observatory (UKTPO) is conducting an independent UK Trade Policy Review.